preface

The sound exists around us all the time, all the time, all the time. We have enjoyed the nurturing of nature every day and every night since we were still in the womb. Lucky people can also enjoy the carefully mixed prenatal education cocktails of their parents (a product that combines several items according to their preferences in various types of music) But most people grow up in noisy sounds. Occasionally, when they hear harmonious sounds, they instinctively stop the noisy environment and extend their ears to appreciate these pleasant sounds. This driving force is the origin of the vast music world

Musical sound

Music is different from chaotic and disorganized noise in its coherence. To explain the principles of acoustics, we need to first talk about the origin of sound

The vibration of sound comes from the air, which is the vibration of the various molecules that make up the air. This vibration spreads out like water waves and is received through our eardrums (the vibration of water is also the transmission of water molecules to the surrounding areas) The chain motion caused by the collision of molecules with neighboring molecules gradually expands, causing the vibration energy to be depleted and terminated. The frequency we usually refer to is the number of times air molecules vibrate in a second of time, and the unit of each vibration is the hertz we often hear (the normal hearing range for humans is about 16 hertz to 16000 hertz)

When we talk about music, the most common thing we say is' do re mi fa sol la si do '. Correspondingly, in the American music industry, the saying is' C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C'. The 'do' (or C) in the rear is the starting tone of the last octave, and between these eight notes, based on a half tone, it can be divided into twelve notes, C # D, Eb, E, F, G, G, A, B, B, which is actually the so-called 'twelve average rhythm'

These twelve fundamental tones in music (C, C # (Db), D, D # (Eb), E, F, F # (Gb), G, G # (Ab), A, A # (Bb), B, Of course, there are different frequencies. Coincidentally, the pitch and pitch are different. In each octave, the frequency of each pair of equal notes is exactly twice that of the relative bass or half that of the relative treble. Taking the piano as an example, we calculate the first octave from the lowest octave to the first octave and then arrange it in order of pitch to the fourth octave. The frequency of the A note is well-known as 440 Hertz, which is recorded as A=440 (Hertz) in music, A lower octave results in A=220 Hertz, a higher octave results in A=880 Hertz, and so on. The following table lists the most familiar and commonly used central five octaves (rounded to the second decimal place)

                                               unit:  Hertz

Our method of recording the above notes is: the A-note in the third octave is A3=220Herz

Audio

A=440 Hertz is a well-known frequency used by the American music industry in foreign countries. In fact, in the domestic music industry, a hundred flowers sing together. A=440 Hertz A=442 Hertz both are used, but there is a problem here. If an instrument itself is A=440 (Hertz) The audio required by the band or band is A=442 Hertz, so the tuning depends on the player's skill and the instrument's performance. On the other hand, the interval of the instrument is not so easy to adjust. The difference of two Hertz is a good solution. If the American specific Buffet R-13 clarinet is equipped with American or Vandoren tail 13 flute heads, if you want to perform in a European A=445 Hertz environment, it is not easy for the world's top experts to pull out the tuning tube When unplugging the upper and lower sections or the second section of the bell mouth, don't forget the relationship between the sound holes. The position of the sound holes is firmly fixed, but your interval relationship is chaotic. It's important to carefully select your instrument and accessories

Overtone

It is not easy to explain the principle of overtones in terms of wind music